Peer-reviewed
Pediatrics (Sims, Chounthirath, Yang, Hodges, Smith)
Infant Walker-Related Injuries in the United States
Cited in 2 Likelier entries (2 risks, 0 decisions).
Used in 2 entries
For each citing entry, the verbatim excerpt and Likelier's calculation notes (how the source's number was converted to the lifetime-probability framing) are shown below. Click through to read the full claim ledger.
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- Statistic
230,676 walker-related ER visits in US children under 15 months over 1990-2014 (~9,200/yr avg); 90.6% head/neck injuries; 74.1% stair falls; 4.5% hospitalized; 37.8% of admissions had skull fractures. Annual average fell 22.7% in the 4 years after the 2010 federal mandatory standard.
“"An estimated 230,676 children <15 months of age were treated in US emergency departments for an infant walker-related injury from 1990 through 2014. Most of the children sustained head or neck injuries (90.6%) and 74.1% were injured by falling down the stairs in an infant walker. Among patients who were admitted to the hospital (4.5%), 37.8% had a skull fracture... The average annual number of injuries decreased by 22.7% during the 4-year period after the implementation of the federal mandatory safety standard compared with the 4-year period before the standard."”
Calculation notes
Sims 2018 is the canonical US source. The 2,001 figure is the 2014 single-year count from the full text; the 230,676 cumulative figure averages roughly 9,200 per year but the trajectory is steeply declining, from 20,650 in 1990 to 2,001 in 2014. The roughly 10x era difference (1990 vs 2014) drives the era multiplier in personal_factor_multipliers. The 22.7% post-standard decline is the abstract-verifiable figure.
Source date: 2018-10-01 · Accessed: 2026-05-31
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- Statistic
230,676 walker-related ER visits in US children under 15 months over 1990-2014; 74.1% stair falls; 90.6% head/neck injuries; annual injuries fell 22.7% in the 4 years after the 2010 federal mandatory standard
“"An estimated 230,676 children <15 months of age were treated in US emergency departments for an infant walker-related injury from 1990 through 2014. Most of the children sustained head or neck injuries (90.6%) and 74.1% were injured by falling down the stairs in an infant walker. Among patients who were admitted to the hospital (4.5%), 37.8% had a skull fracture... The average annual number of injuries decreased by 22.7% during the 4-year period after the implementation of the federal mandatory safety standard compared with the 4-year period before the standard."”
Calculation notes
Sims 2018 is the source of the 74.1% stair-fall share. Applied to the 2014 total of 2,001 walker injuries this gives roughly 1,482 stair-fall ER visits for that year. The 22.7% post-standard decline is the abstract-verifiable headline; the stair-fall-specific decline is larger because the ASTM F977 standard targets the stair-fall mechanism specifically.
Source date: 2018-10-01 · Accessed: 2026-05-31
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