Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission
Cited in 2 Likelier entries (2 risks, 0 decisions).
Used in 2 entries
For each citing entry, the verbatim excerpt and Likelier's calculation notes (how the source's number was converted to the lifetime-probability framing) are shown below. Click through to read the full claim ledger.
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Hearing loss: RR for dementia 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.9), weighted PAF 7% — the joint-highest of the Commission's 14 modifiable factors; dose-response 4-24% per 10 dB; hearing-aid use HR 0.83 (0.77-0.90) for dementia
“"We did new meta-analyses for only depression and hearing loss (as there were no recent reviews) [...] The magnitude of this risk increase varied between studies, from a 4% increase to a 24% increase in dementia risk per 10 dB decrease in hearing ability. [...] a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight cohort studies with 126903 participants [...] reported that people with hearing loss who used hearing aids had a significantly lower risk of [...] dementia (0·83, 0·77–0·90 [...])." Table 1 (RR for dementia, 95% CI): Hearing loss 1·4 (1·0–1·9); weighted PAF 7% (rounded), the joint-largest modifiable fraction alongside high LDL cholesterol.”
Calculation notes
The Commission's Table 1 reports a relative risk of 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.9) for dementia in adults with mid-life hearing loss, from a new meta-analysis run for this report. This RR is used verbatim as the 1.4 multiplier in personal_factor_multipliers (rounded as-published). Hearing loss carries the joint-highest weighted PAF (7%) of the 14 factors, hence the "single largest modifiable risk factor" framing — though it is tied with high LDL cholesterol at 7%, so the entry phrases it as joint-highest, not sole. The hearing-aid figure (HR 0.83) is observational, not from an RCT primary endpoint (the ACHIEVE RCT found no overall effect but a substantial effect in its higher-risk ARIC subgroup), so it is recorded as "associated with lower risk", not as a proven protective multiplier.
Independence note: This is the underlying peer-reviewed Commission report summarised by the Alzheimer's Disease International page cited above; the two are not independent. It is independent of the WHO / CDC mortality pipelines. Added specifically to give the hearing-loss multiplier a clean primary provenance.
Source date: 2024-07-31 · Accessed: 2026-06-14
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Lifetime dementia risk approximately 40–42% in high-income countries; 14 modifiable risk factors now account for ~45% of cases
“"Dementia affects over 55 million people worldwide, with 10 million new cases annually. The lifetime risk for individuals in high-income countries is estimated at approximately 40% from age 55, with women at higher risk than men. Non-Alzheimer's dementias, including vascular dementia, Lewy body disease, and frontotemporal dementia, together account for approximately 30–40% of all dementia diagnoses."”
Calculation notes
Livingston et al. 2024 — the third Lancet Commission on dementia (following 2017 and 2020 reports). Provides the global prevalence figure (55 million), the annual incidence (10 million), and the lifetime risk estimate of ~40% in HIC. The 30–40% non-Alzheimer's fraction is applied to the more conservative Alzheimer's Association age-65 base (women 21%, men 12%) to derive the native rate. This avoids double- counting with the higher Fang 2024 lifetime-from-55 figure.
Source date: 2024-08-10 · Accessed: 2026-05-04
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Non-Alzheimer's dementia
How likely is non-Alzheimer's dementia (vascular, Lewy body, FTD)?