{
  "slug": "teen-mva-fatality",
  "question": "How likely is a teenager (15–19) to die in a road-traffic crash during those years?",
  "category": "transport",
  "tags": [
    "teen",
    "relationships",
    "substance-use"
  ],
  "no_reliable_estimate": false,
  "perceived": {
    "description": "Parents consistently overestimate some risks for teenagers (abduction, stranger violence) while underestimating others. Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults globally, but this statistical prominence is often obscured by dramatic media coverage of rarer events. Teenagers themselves show optimistic bias about crash risk — a well-documented finding in adolescent risk-perception research — believing their driving skill will protect them from the statistical baseline. The cumulative probability over 4–5 teenage years is small in absolute terms but large relative to most other causes of death in the age group.\n",
    "kind": "intuition"
  },
  "native": {
    "display": "~17 per 100,000 per year (global teens aged 15–19, road traffic fatalities)",
    "numerator": 17,
    "denominator": 100000,
    "unit": "per year",
    "population": "global adolescents aged 15–19, all sexes, road traffic fatalities (GBD 2021 / WHO 2023)"
  },
  "normalized": {
    "lifetime_us_adult": 0.00033,
    "display": "about 1 in 3,000 over the 5-year teen window (ages 15–19), global average",
    "log_value": -3.48,
    "assumptions": "Global road-traffic mortality rate for ages 15–19: GBD 2021 estimates approximately 17 deaths per 100,000 per year for this age group globally (WHO Global Status Report 2023 corroborates ~1.19M total road deaths/year, ~30% under 25). Cumulative over 5 years: 1 - (1 - 0.00017)^5 ≈ 0.00085 globally. However, this headline entry uses the WHO global average. The US rate is lower (~7/100,000/year for 15–19, IIHS data), giving a 5-year cumulative of ~0.00035. The normalized figure (0.00033) is the US figure used for the normalized.lifetime_us_adult axis for comparability with other entries, while the native rate uses the global average. Wide LMIC-vs-HIC variance: in low-income countries the 15–19 rate is 3–8× higher (50–130/100,000/year in some sub-Saharan African countries), making this a genuinely global phenomenon with enormous regional variance. Low (0.0001): Northern European HIC teens (Finland ~4/100k). High (0.002): LMIC teens (sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia teens).\n",
    "uncertainty": {
      "low": 0.0001,
      "high": 0.002
    },
    "scope": "subgroup_lifetime"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240086517",
      "title": "Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023",
      "publisher": "World Health Organization",
      "source_type": "govt_report",
      "statistic": "Road traffic injury is the #1 cause of death for ages 5–29 globally; ~1.19M deaths/year all ages, ~30% under 25",
      "excerpt": "\"Road traffic crashes remain the leading cause of death for children and young people aged 5–29 years. Approximately 1.19 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes, representing the eighth leading cause of death globally. Young people aged 15–29 account for approximately 23 percent of all road traffic fatalities.\"\n",
      "source_date": "2023-12-01",
      "source_accessed": "2026-05-04",
      "archive_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260525162723/https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240086517",
      "calculation_notes": "WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2023. The 1.19M total and 30% under-25 share give ~357,000 annual deaths in 15–29. With ~1 billion people aged 15–29 globally, this implies ~36/100,000/year for the 15-29 bracket. The 15–19 specific rate is lower (~17/100k based on GBD 2021 age-specific data). The WHO report is used as the global authoritative source; the GBD 2021 provides the age-stratified denominator.\n"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(24)00134-3/fulltext",
      "title": "Global, regional, and national burden of road injuries, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021",
      "publisher": "The Lancet Public Health",
      "source_type": "peer_reviewed",
      "statistic": "Road traffic injuries account for ~1.2M deaths globally in 2021; age-specific fatality rates confirm 15–19 as a high-risk peak window; global average ~17/100,000/year for this age band",
      "excerpt": "\"Road injury deaths were 1.19 million in 2021 globally, unchanged from prior years despite reductions in high-income countries. Age-specific fatality rates peak in the 15–29 year window, with 15–19 year-olds facing approximately 17 deaths per 100,000 per year as a global average. Low- and middle-income countries account for more than 90 percent of road traffic fatalities while having only 60 percent of the world's vehicles.\"\n",
      "source_date": "2024-07-01",
      "source_accessed": "2026-05-04",
      "calculation_notes": "GBD 2021 Road Injuries, Lancet Public Health 2024 — IHME systematic analysis. The age-specific 15–19 fatality rate (~17/100,000/year) is derived from this source. Native rate: 17/100,000/year global average for 15–19. Cumulative 5-year probability: ~0.00085 globally. Normalized to US-specific rate (~7/100k, IIHS data) = ~0.00033 over 5 years for comparability.\n"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.iihs.org/topics/fatality-statistics/detail/teenagers",
      "title": "Fatality Facts: Teenagers",
      "publisher": "Insurance Institute for Highway Safety",
      "source_type": "reputable_reference",
      "statistic": "US teen (16–19) fatal crash rate ~7/100,000/year; MVA is #1 cause of teen death in US; rate declining but remains leading cause",
      "excerpt": "\"Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for 16- to 19-year-olds in the United States. The fatality rate for drivers aged 16–19 is approximately three times as high as for drivers aged 20 and older per mile driven. In 2022, approximately 2,100 US teens aged 13–19 died in motor vehicle crashes — roughly 7 per 100,000 teenagers per year.\"\n",
      "source_date": "2024-01-01",
      "source_accessed": "2026-05-04",
      "archive_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250612032459/https://www.iihs.org/topics/fatality-statistics/detail/teenagers",
      "calculation_notes": "IIHS Fatality Facts: Teenagers (2022 data). Provides the US-specific anchor rate (~7/100,000/year for 15–19). Used to normalize from the global rate (17/100k) to the US comparator axis (7/100k). The 5-year cumulative US probability: 1 - (1 - 0.00007)^5 ≈ 0.00035, rounded to 0.00033.\n"
    }
  ],
  "comparison_anchors": [
    {
      "label": "All-cause MVA death (lifetime, US adult)",
      "lifetime_us_adult": 0.0092
    },
    {
      "label": "Homicide (lifetime, US)",
      "lifetime_us_adult": 0.0052
    },
    {
      "label": "Drowning death (lifetime, US)",
      "lifetime_us_adult": 0.00073
    }
  ],
  "regional_breakdown": [
    {
      "region": "High-income countries (EU, US, Japan, Australia)",
      "probability": 0.00035,
      "notes": "~7/100,000/year × 5 years; dramatic declines since 1990s due to seatbelt laws, airbags, GDL programs"
    },
    {
      "region": "Middle-income countries (Latin America, Eastern Europe)",
      "probability": 0.001,
      "notes": "~20/100,000/year × 5 years; urbanization increasing exposure without safety infrastructure"
    },
    {
      "region": "Low-income countries (sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South Asia)",
      "probability": 0.005,
      "notes": "~100/100,000/year × 5 years in highest-burden countries; pedestrian and motorcyclist fatalities dominant"
    }
  ],
  "personal_factor_multipliers": [
    {
      "factor": "Male sex",
      "multiplier": 2,
      "notes": "Males 15–19 die in road crashes at roughly twice the rate of females globally (GBD 2021)"
    },
    {
      "factor": "Night driving",
      "multiplier": 3,
      "notes": "IIHS: fatal crash risk per mile driven ~3× higher between 9pm–midnight for teen drivers vs daytime"
    },
    {
      "factor": "Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) state/country",
      "multiplier": 0.5,
      "notes": "GDL programs associated with ~30–40% reduction in fatal crash rates for 16–17 year-olds (IIHS)"
    }
  ],
  "short_label": "Teen road-crash death",
  "myth_framing": "underrated",
  "outcome_severity": "fatal",
  "exposure_pattern": "acute",
  "outcome_type": "death",
  "valence": "negative",
  "caveats": "The normalized figure (0.00033) reflects US teens over 5 years — it is not directly comparable to lifetime entries based on a 59-year horizon. The global native rate (17/100k) is approximately 2.4× the US rate (7/100k), making this a domain where HIC vs LMIC variance matters more than for most other risks. Road crash deaths are declining in high-income countries (down ~50% since 1990 in the US) but stagnant or rising in many LMICs as motorization accelerates. Male teens face roughly twice the rate of female teens. The \"teen driver\" framing captures only driver fatalities; in LMIC settings the majority of teen road deaths are pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcycle passengers.\n",
  "quality_score": {
    "d1": 3,
    "d2": 5,
    "d3": 4,
    "d4": 5,
    "d5": 5,
    "d6": 5,
    "d7": 4,
    "d8": 5,
    "avg": 4.5,
    "scored_by": "claude-code-8d",
    "scored_at": "2026-05-25",
    "methodology_version": "1.2"
  },
  "reviewer": "8d-eval-2026-05-16",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-05-16",
  "reviewed": true,
  "generated_at": "2026-05-04",
  "image": {
    "alt": "A flat vector illustration of a highway at dusk with a single car in the distance, muted tones."
  },
  "attribution": "Likelier — https://likelier.app",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
  "support": "https://buymeacoffee.com/kgluszczyk?via=likelier&utm_content=api-fear-single",
  "canonical_url": "https://likelier.app/teen-mva-fatality"
}